1 . MariaDB インストール

$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

$ systemctl status mysql
? mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.1.34 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-12-15 09:19:00 UTC; 8s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
 Main PID: 1028 (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           +-1028 /usr/sbin/mysqld

• バージョン確認

$ mysql -V
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.1.34-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

$ sudo mysql -u root -e 'SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%";'
+-------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name           | Value                            |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------+
| innodb_version          | 5.6.39-83.1                      |
| protocol_version        | 10                               |
| slave_type_conversions  |                                  |
| version                 | 10.1.34-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 |
| version_comment         | Ubuntu 18.04                     |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64                           |
| version_compile_os      | debian-linux-gnu                 |
| version_malloc_library  | system jemalloc                  |
| version_ssl_library     | YaSSL 2.4.4                      |
| wsrep_patch_version     | wsrep_25.23                      |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------+

2 . MariaDB セキュリティ強化

rootパスワードはセット不要。anonymousユーザの削除、リモートからのrootログイン禁止、テストDBの削除など

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
 ... Failed!  Not critical, keep moving...
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

3 . 4 byte UTF-8 support

• 現状確認

$ sudo mysql -u root -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb%';" | grep 'large_prefix\|file_format\s\+\|file_per_table'
innodb_file_format      Antelope
innodb_file_per_table   ON
innodb_large_prefix     OFF

• 設定変更

$ sudo vi /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
[mysqld]
...
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_large_prefix=true
innodb_file_format=barracuda

• DB再起動して設定反映

$ sudo systemctl restart mysql
$ sudo mysql -u root -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb%';" | grep 'large_prefix\|file_format\s\+\|file_per_table'
innodb_file_format      Barracuda
innodb_file_per_table   ON
innodb_large_prefix     ON